The factors affecting the deviation of conveyor belt are mainly divided into the following five categories:
1. Deviation caused by manufacturing
(1) The two ends of the drum are processed with different diameters, resulting in large diameter at one end and small diameter at the other end, resulting in the deviation of the conveyor belt.
(2) The middle support and side support of the idler are installed, and the notch of the idler shaft is not on the same straight line.
2. Deviation caused by installation
(1) The axis of the head and tail rollers is not perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the conveyor, resulting in different tension on both sides of the conveyor belt.
(2) The idler support is not perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline of the conveyor.
(3) The groove angles of the inclined rollers on both sides of the grooved idler group are different.
(4) The installation of idler support is inclined (caused by basic unevenness and installation quality), so that the idler support of the whole conveyor is not on the same horizontal plane, resulting in the misalignment of materials on the conveyor belt, resulting in the deviation of the conveyor belt.
3. Deviation caused by use and maintenance
(1) When feeding the belt conveyor, the materials on the cross section of the conveyor belt are misaligned and biased to one side, resulting in uneven stress on both sides of the conveyor belt and deviation of the conveyor belt. The uneven distribution of ore material is mainly caused by the incorrect falling direction and position of ore material. If the ore material deviates to the left, the conveyor belt deviates to the right; vice versa.
(2) When conveying sticky and difficult to clean materials, the conveyor belt will deviate due to the adhesion of materials to the drum and lower branch idler.
(3) The uneven stress of the tensioning device deflects the tensioning drum (especially for screw tensioning), resulting in unequal tension on both sides of the conveyor and deviation.
(4) When the plow unloader is used for intermediate unloading, when the angles on both sides of the two-way plow unloader are different or the length of the unloading baffle on both sides is different, it will cause the conveyor belt to deviate; Using one-way plow unloader is easier to make the conveyor belt deviate.
(5) When the sweeper is cleaning, the pressure applied on the conveyor belt is uneven, and the large side and the small side will cause the tension on both sides of the conveyor belt to deviate.
(6) Deviation caused by belt slack. After the adjusted conveyor belt runs for a period of time, due to the deformation or aging of the conveyor belt due to stretching, the tension will decrease, resulting in the relaxation of the conveyor belt and deviation.
(7) Deviation caused by vibration during operation. The mechanical vibration of belt conveyor during operation is inevitable. The faster the operation speed is, the greater the vibration is, and the greater the belt deviation is. In the belt conveyor, the vibration caused by the radial runout of the idler affects the deviation of the conveyor belt.
4. Deviation caused by environment
Belt conveyors installed and used in the open air, especially cross-country long-distance belt conveyors, will also cause belt deviation due to weather changes such as wind, rain and snow.
5. Deviation caused by conveyor belt itself
(1) The stress on both sides of the core layer of the conveyor belt itself is uneven, especially on the steel rope core conveyor belt. The uneven stress on the steel rope on both sides will inevitably lead to the deviation of the conveyor belt.
(2) The conveyor belt is not manufactured in a standard way and becomes a snake shape, resulting in deviation.
(3) On the one hand, the quality of the conveyor belt joint shall ensure its tensile strength, on the other hand, the cutting edge of the joint shall be perpendicular to the center line of the conveyor belt, so that the lengths of both sides of the annular belt behind the joint are equal, otherwise the conveyor belt will deviate.
There are many factors causing belt deviation of belt conveyor. In order to make the conveyor run stably, it is very important to prevent belt deviation and correct the deviation after belt deviation. In short, in order to prevent the belt deviation of belt conveyor, measures should be taken from the aspects of design, manufacturing, installation and maintenance.
